Explanation: The Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award, established in 1954. It is typically awarded to Indian citizens for their exceptional service in any field, including arts, literature, science, and public service. However, there have been a few instances where the award has been conferred upon foreigners who have made significant contributions to India.
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, also known as the "Frontier Gandhi," was the first foreigner to receive the Bharat Ratna. He was a prominent Pashtun political and spiritual leader who played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement. Gaffar Khan was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and was known for his non-violent resistance against British rule. His contributions to the Indian freedom struggle and his lifelong commitment to peace and social justice made him a worthy recipient of this honor.
Nelson Mandela, a global icon of peace and justice, was also awarded the Bharat Ratna, but he received it in 1990, after Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. Mandela's contributions to the anti-apartheid movement and his efforts to promote peace and reconciliation in South Africa were recognized by India, but he was not the first foreigner to receive the award.
Mother Teresa, a renowned humanitarian, was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1980. However, she was an Indian citizen at the time of her award, having been naturalized as an Indian citizen in 1948. Therefore, she does not fall into the category of a foreigner recipient.
Understanding the history and context of the Bharat Ratna awards is essential for comprehending the contributions of individuals like Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, Nelson Mandela, and Mother Teresa to India and the world. The award recognizes not only the achievements of the recipients but also the values they embody, such as peace, justice, and service to humanity.