Explanations:The Tughlaq dynasty was a significant ruling dynasty in medieval India, particularly in the Delhi Sultanate. It was established in 1320 by Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, who was a governor under the Khalji dynasty. The Khalji dynasty, which preceded the Tughlaq dynasty, was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and was known for its military conquests and administrative reforms.
Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, originally named Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq, was a Turkic military leader who served under the Khalji rulers. He was appointed as the governor of Punjab and Multan by the Khalji sultan, Alauddin Khalji. After Alauddin Khalji's death, the Khalji dynasty faced internal conflicts and power struggles. Ghiasuddin Tughlaq took advantage of this situation and overthrew the last Khalji ruler, Nasir-ud-Din Khusrau Shah, in 1320. This marked the beginning of the Tughlaq dynasty.
During his reign, Ghiasuddin Tughlaq focused on consolidating his power and expanding the territory of the Tughlaq dynasty. He was known for his military prowess and administrative reforms. He also initiated the construction of the city of Tughlaqabad, which was intended to be the new capital of the dynasty. However, the city was abandoned shortly after his death due to various reasons, including water scarcity and political instability.
After Ghiasuddin Tughlaq's death in 1325, his son Muhammad bin Tughlaq succeeded him as the ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a controversial figure known for his ambitious but often unsuccessful reforms. He attempted to move the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, which was a significant logistical challenge and ultimately failed. Despite his efforts, the Tughlaq dynasty continued to rule until 1414, when it was succeeded by the Sayyid dynasty.
It is important to distinguish between the founder of the dynasty and subsequent rulers. While Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a significant figure in the Tughlaq dynasty, he did not found it. The founder of the Tughlaq dynasty was Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, who established the dynasty after overthrowing the last Khalji ruler. Understanding the historical context and the roles of different rulers is crucial for comprehending the political landscape of medieval India.