Explanations:Some Indian states and union territories have different capitals for summer and winter due to climatic conditions and administrative convenience. This practice is particularly common in regions with extreme seasonal variations, such as the Himalayan states. The primary reason for having different capitals is to ensure that the administrative functions of the state can continue smoothly throughout the year, despite the harsh weather conditions.
For example, Jammu and Kashmir, a state with a diverse climate, has Srinagar as its summer capital and Jammu as its winter capital. Srinagar, located in the Kashmir Valley, is cooler during the summer months, making it a suitable administrative center during that season. Jammu, located in the southern part of the state, is warmer during the winter months, making it a more comfortable location for the state government to operate during the winter.
Similarly, Uttarakhand, another state with significant climatic variations, has Dehradun as its summer capital and Gairsen as its winter capital. Dehradun, located in the Doon Valley, is cooler during the summer months, while Gairsen, located in the Kumaon region, is warmer during the winter months. This arrangement ensures that the state government can function effectively throughout the year, regardless of the weather conditions.
It is important to note that not all states and union territories have different capitals for different seasons. The decision to have separate capitals is based on the specific climatic conditions and administrative needs of the region. For instance, states like Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, which do not experience extreme seasonal variations, do not have separate capitals for summer and winter.
Understanding the concept of summer and winter capitals is crucial for students preparing for competitive examinations, as it tests their knowledge of the geographical and administrative aspects of Indian states and union territories. It is also important to be aware of the specific capitals of each state and union territory to avoid common misconceptions and errors.