Explanation: The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, alongside ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The civilization is named after the city of Harappa, which was one of its major urban centers. The Harappan civilization is known for its advanced urban planning, standardized weights and measures, and a sophisticated drainage system.
The question asks about the correct matching of Harappan sites with their locations. Let's examine each site and its location:
1. **Surkotda**: This is a Harappan site located in Gujarat, India. Surkotda is one of the important sites in the Kathiawar region of Gujarat, which was part of the Harappan civilization. The site is known for its well-preserved structures and artifacts that provide insights into the urban life of the Harappan period.
2. **Sutkagendor**: This site is located in Baluchistan, which is now part of Pakistan. Sutkagendor is one of the westernmost sites of the Harappan civilization, situated near the modern-day border of Pakistan and Iran. It is an important site for understanding the extent of the Harappan civilization and its interactions with other cultures in the region.
3. **Manda**: This site is located in Jammu and Kashmir, India, not in Haryana. Manda is a significant site for the study of the post-Harappan period, particularly the Painted Grey Ware culture. It provides valuable information about the transition from the Harappan to later cultures in the region.
The correct answer is (A) 1 and 2 only, as Surkotda is correctly matched with Gujarat and Sutkagendor is correctly matched with Baluchistan. Manda is incorrectly matched with Haryana, making options that include Manda incorrect.
Understanding the geographical distribution of Harappan sites is crucial for comprehending the extent and influence of the civilization. Each site provides unique insights into the social, economic, and cultural aspects of the Harappan period, contributing to a broader understanding of ancient Indian history.