Explanations:The Taj Mahal, one of the most iconic and recognizable structures in the world, is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631. The construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and was completed around 1653, with the work of construction involving thousands of artisans and craftsmen.
The primary material used in the construction of the Taj Mahal is white marble, which is sourced from Makrana in Rajasthan. The choice of marble was not arbitrary; it was selected for its durability, its ability to be intricately carved, and its aesthetic appeal. The white marble gives the Taj Mahal its distinctive appearance, which changes in color and hue depending on the time of day and the angle of the sun. This characteristic is often referred to as the "changing moods" of the Taj Mahal.
While the main structure is made of white marble, the Taj Mahal also incorporates other materials and decorative elements. The intricate inlays and decorations on the marble are made using semi-precious and precious stones such as jade, crystal, lapis lazuli, amethyst, and turquoise. These inlays create intricate patterns and calligraphy that adorn the walls and arches of the mausoleum.
The use of marble in the Taj Mahal is not only for aesthetic reasons but also for practical ones. Marble is a durable stone that can withstand the elements and the test of time. It is also relatively easy to carve and shape, which allowed the artisans to create the intricate designs and patterns that are a hallmark of the Taj Mahal's architecture.
It is important to note that while the Taj Mahal is primarily made of marble, other materials such as red sandstone are used in the plinth and the gateway. However, the main structure and the most visible part of the Taj Mahal is constructed with white marble, making it the correct answer to the question.