Explanation: The history of the capital cities of India during the British Raj is an important aspect of West Bengal General Knowledge (GK). The British East India Company established Kolkata as the capital of India in 1773, marking the beginning of a significant period in the city's history. Kolkata, then known as Calcutta, served as the administrative center for the British Raj for nearly 140 years. During this time, it was a hub of political, economic, and cultural activities, playing a crucial role in the development of modern India.
In 1911, the British government decided to shift the capital from Kolkata to Delhi. This decision was influenced by several factors, including the desire to centralize control over the vast Indian subcontinent and to move away from the influence of the nationalist movements that were gaining momentum in Kolkata. The construction of New Delhi began in 1912, and the capital was officially moved in 1912, with the new capital being inaugurated in 1931.
Understanding the historical context of the capital cities is essential for comprehending the broader narrative of India's colonial history. The shift from Kolkata to Delhi was a significant administrative change that reflected the evolving strategies of the British in managing their Indian territories. This change also had profound implications for the development of both cities, with Kolkata continuing to be a major cultural and economic center, while Delhi emerged as the political heart of the country.
In summary, Kolkata was the capital of India from 1773 to 1911, making it the correct answer to the question. This period marked a crucial phase in the history of both Kolkata and India, and understanding this context is vital for students studying West Bengal GK and Indian history.