Explanations:The Sultanate of Delhi, under Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, faced significant challenges in the 14th century. One of the major decisions made by the Sultan was the relocation of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in 1327. This move was intended to consolidate his control over the southern regions of his empire, which were previously difficult to govern from Delhi. Daulatabad, located in the Deccan region, was chosen as the new capital to better manage the southern territories and to establish a more central administrative base.
However, this decision proved to be problematic. The Sultan faced significant difficulties in maintaining control over both the northern and southern parts of his empire from Daulatabad. The distance between Delhi and Daulatabad made it challenging to manage the northern regions effectively. Communication and administrative control were severely hampered, leading to a decline in the Sultan's ability to govern the entire empire efficiently.
Furthermore, the Sultan faced external threats, particularly from the Mongols. The Mongol invasions in the north posed a significant threat to the stability of the Sultanate. The Sultan needed to be closer to the northern regions to defend against these invasions and to maintain order. The Mongol attacks were a critical factor that necessitated the Sultan's return to Delhi.
Therefore, the combination of administrative challenges and external threats, particularly the Mongol invasions, were the primary reasons for Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq's decision to return to Delhi. The move back to Delhi allowed the Sultan to better manage the northern regions and to defend against the Mongol attacks, which were crucial for the stability and survival of his empire.