Explanation: Satyagraha is a philosophy and practice of non-violent resistance that was developed by Mahatma Gandhi during the Indian independence movement. The term "Satyagraha" is derived from the Sanskrit words "Satya" (truth) and "Agraha" (insistence), meaning "insistence on truth" or "holding onto truth." This concept is deeply rooted in the belief that truth and moral righteousness are powerful forces that can bring about social and political change without resorting to violence.
The core principles of Satyagraha include:
1. **Power of Truth**: Satyagraha emphasizes the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It is based on the belief that truth is a powerful force that can overcome any form of injustice or oppression. The Satyagrahi (one who practices Satyagraha) must be committed to the truth and must be willing to suffer for it.
2. **Appealing to the Conscience of the Oppressor**: Satyagraha is not about defeating the oppressor but about appealing to their moral conscience. The goal is to bring about a change in the oppressor's mindset and to make them realize the injustice of their actions. This is achieved through non-violent means such as peaceful protests, fasting, and civil disobedience.
3. **Non-Violence**: Satyagraha is fundamentally a non-violent form of resistance. It rejects the use of violence or aggression as a means to achieve one's goals. Instead, it relies on moral persuasion and the power of truth to bring about change.
4. **Moral Persuasion**: Satyagraha is based on the idea that moral persuasion is a more effective way to bring about change than violence or aggression. The Satyagrahi must be willing to suffer for their cause and must be able to inspire others to do the same.
5. **Self-Sacrifice**: Satyagraha often involves self-sacrifice. The Satyagrahi must be willing to endure suffering and hardship in order to stand up for what they believe is right. This self-sacrifice is seen as a way to demonstrate the strength of one's commitment to the truth and to inspire others to join the cause.
In summary, Satyagraha is a philosophy of non-violent resistance that emphasizes the power of truth and the need to appeal to the moral conscience of the oppressor. It is a powerful tool for social and political change that has been used successfully in many movements around the world, including the Indian independence movement. The correct answer is (D) A and C are correct, as it accurately reflects the principles of Satyagraha without including the idea of seeking vengeance or being aggressive.