Explanation: The Aravali Range is a significant geographical feature that runs through the state of Rajasthan, dividing it into two distinct regions. This range is one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, formed approximately 1.8 billion years ago during the Archean era. The Aravali Range stretches from the northeast to the southwest, spanning a distance of about 800 kilometers, and it is the oldest fold mountain range in India.
The Aravali Range plays a crucial role in the geography of Rajasthan. It divides the state into two distinct regions: the fertile and more densely populated eastern part, which receives more rainfall and is suitable for agriculture, and the arid and sparsely populated western part, which is characterized by desert landscapes and receives less rainfall. The range also influences the climate of the state, with the eastern side experiencing more rainfall due to the orographic effect, where the mountains force air to rise, cool, and condense, leading to precipitation.
The Aravali Range is not only a geographical landmark but also a significant ecological and cultural feature. It is home to a variety of flora and fauna, including several endemic species. The range also has historical and cultural significance, with several temples and pilgrimage sites located along its length, such as the famous Shri Ambaji Temple in the Aravali Hills.
In contrast, the other options listed (Kanchenjunga, Mount Everest, and Annapurna) are mountain ranges or peaks located in the Himalayas, which are far from Rajasthan and do not have any geographical relevance to the state. These options are incorrect because they do not divide Rajasthan into two parts and are not located within the state's boundaries.
Understanding the role of the Aravali Range in dividing Rajasthan is essential for comprehending the state's physical geography, climate, and ecological diversity. This knowledge is crucial for students studying Indian geography and for those preparing for competitive examinations that cover regional geography and physical features.