Explanation: Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India, achieved full statehood on 21st January 1972. This event marked a significant milestone in the political history of the region, as it transitioned from being a Union Territory to a full-fledged state within the Indian Union. Prior to this, Meghalaya was part of the Assam state and was known as the United Autonomous State of Meghalaya, which was formed in 1970.
The journey to statehood for Meghalaya was a result of a long struggle for autonomy and self-governance. The region, comprising the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo Hills, had a distinct cultural and linguistic identity that was different from the rest of Assam. The demand for statehood was driven by the desire to preserve and promote the unique cultural heritage of the region and to address the specific developmental needs of the people.
The process of statehood was initiated through the Meghalaya Accord of 1960, which was a significant step towards the formation of a separate state. The accord was signed by the leaders of the Khasi, Jaintia, and Garo tribes, and it laid the foundation for the creation of a separate state. Following the accord, the United Autonomous State of Meghalaya was formed in 1970, which was a transitional phase leading to full statehood.
On 21st January 1972, Meghalaya was officially declared a state, with Shillong as its capital. This date is celebrated as Statehood Day in Meghalaya, marking the achievement of full statehood and the recognition of the region's distinct identity within the Indian Union. The statehood of Meghalaya was a significant step in the political and administrative restructuring of northeastern India, and it has since played a crucial role in the development and governance of the region.
Understanding the historical context and the process leading to statehood is essential for comprehending the political and cultural significance of Meghalaya within the broader framework of Indian history and politics. The date 21st January 1972 is a pivotal date in the history of Meghalaya and is an important piece of information for students of Indian history and politics.