Explanation: Kalinga is an ancient name that refers to a region in eastern India, which is now known as the state of Odisha. The name Kalinga has deep historical roots and is associated with a rich cultural heritage. The region of Kalinga was a significant part of ancient Indian history, particularly during the Maurya Empire under Emperor Ashoka, who waged a brutal war against the Kalinga kingdom in the 3rd century BCE. This war is famously known as the Kalinga War, which led to Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism and his subsequent policy of non-violence and Dharma.
The transformation of Kalinga into Odisha is a gradual process that reflects the changing political and administrative boundaries in India over centuries. The name "Odisha" is derived from the ancient name "Odra Desha," which was used to describe the region. The term "Odisha" became more commonly used during the British colonial period, and it was officially adopted as the name of the state after India's independence in 1947.
Understanding the historical context of Kalinga is crucial for comprehending the cultural and geographical significance of the region. The ancient name Kalinga is still used in historical and cultural contexts, but in modern times, the region is officially known as Odisha. This transition from Kalinga to Odisha is an important aspect of Indian history and geography, reflecting the evolution of the region's identity over time.
In summary, Kalinga is now known as Odisha, and this transformation is a reflection of the region's rich historical and cultural heritage. The correct answer is (D) Odisha, as it accurately represents the modern name of the region that was historically known as Kalinga.