Explanations:The question pertains to the monetary reforms introduced by Iltutmish, the third sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, who ruled from 1211 to 1236 CE. Iltutmish is known for several significant reforms, including the standardization of currency, which was a crucial step in stabilizing the economy and enhancing trade during his reign.
One of the most notable reforms was the introduction of a new silver coin called the Tanka. The Tanka was a standardized silver coin that became a significant unit of currency in the Sultanate period. The term "Tanka" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Tanka," which means "coin" or "piece of money." The Tanka was a high-value coin and was widely used for large transactions and as a store of value.
It is important to distinguish the Tanka from other coins introduced during the Sultanate period. For instance, the Jital was a copper coin that was introduced later, primarily for smaller transactions. Similarly, the Chalisa, another copper coin, was introduced by Muhammad bin Tughlaq, a later sultan, and was named so because it was equivalent to 40 (Chalisa in Hindi) Jitals.
The introduction of the Tanka by Iltutmish was a significant step in the monetary history of medieval India. It helped in establishing a stable and standardized currency system, which was essential for the economic growth and trade during the Sultanate period. The Tanka became a widely recognized and accepted form of currency, contributing to the economic stability and prosperity of the Delhi Sultanate.
Understanding the historical context and the specific reforms introduced by Iltutmish is crucial for comprehending the monetary system of medieval India. The Tanka, as a silver coin, played a pivotal role in the economic transactions and the overall economic stability of the Sultanate period.