Explanation: Mahmud of Ghazni, who ruled the Ghaznavid Empire from 997 to 1030 CE, is known for his numerous invasions of India. These invasions were primarily motivated by the desire to plunder the wealth of Indian temples and cities. The temples of India, particularly those in regions like Mathura and Somnath, were known for their immense wealth and treasures, which attracted Mahmud's attention.
Mahmud's invasions were not driven by a desire to establish a long-term rule over the Indian territories he invaded. Instead, his primary objective was to acquire the vast riches and resources that were abundant in India. The wealth of these temples often included precious metals, jewels, and other valuable items that were highly sought after by Mahmud and his forces.
Historical records indicate that Mahmud conducted 17 major invasions of India, each aimed at plundering the wealth of the region. The most famous of these invasions was the sack of the Somnath temple in 1025 CE, where Mahmud is said to have acquired immense wealth. The treasures he plundered were used to fund his military campaigns and to enhance the wealth and power of the Ghaznavid Empire.
It is important to note that while Mahmud of Ghazni did have secondary motivations such as expanding his territory and influence, his primary and most consistent motivation was the plundering of riches. This is evident from the historical accounts and the pattern of his invasions, which were focused on acquiring wealth rather than establishing a permanent rule over the invaded regions.
In conclusion, the correct answer is that Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India primarily to plunder its riches. This motivation is well-documented in historical records and aligns with the pattern of his invasions and the outcomes of these campaigns. Understanding this motivation is crucial for comprehending the nature and impact of Mahmud's invasions on the Indian subcontinent during the early medieval period.