Explanation: Tolkappiyam, the oldest known book of Tamil grammar, was written by Tolkappiar, a renowned grammarian from the Sangam period. The Sangam period, which is considered the golden age of Tamil literature, spans from approximately the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE. During this time, Tamil literature flourished, and Tolkappiyam played a significant role in establishing the grammatical framework for the Tamil language.
Tolkappiyam is divided into three sections: Ezhuttu, Col, and Porul. The Ezhuttu section deals with phonetics and phonology, explaining the sounds and letters of the Tamil language. The Col section focuses on morphology and syntax, detailing the structure of words and sentences. The Porul section covers the application of grammar in various contexts, including literary and social aspects.
Tolkappiar's work is not only a grammatical treatise but also a cultural document that reflects the social, economic, and political conditions of the Sangam period. It provides insights into the linguistic and literary traditions of ancient Tamil society and has been a cornerstone for subsequent Tamil grammarians and scholars.
The significance of Tolkappiyam extends beyond its grammatical content. It has influenced the development of Tamil literature and has been a reference point for understanding the evolution of the Tamil language over centuries. The text is studied in Tamil language courses and is an essential part of Tamil literary and cultural heritage.
In contrast, the other options provided in the question are incorrect. Tiruvalluvar is known for his ethical and philosophical work, "Thirukkural," which is a collection of couplets that provide guidance on ethical living and governance. The Cheras and Pandyas were ruling dynasties in ancient Tamilakam, known for their patronage of Tamil literature and arts, but they are not credited with authoring Tolkappiyam.
Understanding the contributions of Tolkappiar and the significance of Tolkappiyam is crucial for anyone studying Tamil literature, linguistics, or the cultural history of ancient Tamil society. The text remains a vital resource for scholars and students interested in the evolution of the Tamil language and its rich literary tradition.