Explanations:The Tughlaq dynasty was a significant ruling dynasty in medieval India, established by Ghiyasuddin Tughluq in 1320. The dynasty was part of the Delhi Sultanate and played a crucial role in the political and cultural landscape of the Indian subcontinent during the 14th century. The dynasty's most notable rulers were Ghiyasuddin Tughluq, Muhammad bin Tughluq, and Firuz Shah Tughluq.
Ghiyasuddin Tughluq, the founder of the dynasty, ruled from 1320 to 1325. He was succeeded by his son, Muhammad bin Tughluq, who ruled from 1325 to 1351. Muhammad bin Tughluq was known for his ambitious policies, including the transfer of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, which was a significant administrative move but ultimately unsuccessful. He also implemented several economic reforms, such as the introduction of token currency, which led to economic instability.
After Muhammad bin Tughluq's death in 1351, his cousin Firuz Shah Tughluq ascended to the throne. Firuz Shah Tughluq ruled from 1351 to 1388 and is remembered for his administrative reforms and public works. He was a patron of learning and the arts and is known for his construction of numerous mosques, canals, and hospitals. Firuz Shah Tughluq's reign marked a period of relative stability and prosperity, although the empire began to decline towards the end of his rule.
It is important to note that the Tughlaq dynasty was part of a larger historical context of the Delhi Sultanate, which was a period of Islamic rule in India. The dynasty's rulers were involved in various political and military conflicts with neighboring states and internal rebellions. Understanding the succession of rulers within the Tughlaq dynasty is crucial for comprehending the political and social dynamics of medieval India.
In the context of the question, the correct answer is Firuz Shah Tughluq, who succeeded Muhammad bin Tughluq. Ghiyasuddin Tughluq was the predecessor of Muhammad bin Tughluq, and Ibn Battuta was a traveler who visited the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq but was not a ruler. Therefore, the correct answer is Firuz Shah Tughluq, who ruled after Muhammad bin Tughluq and is a significant figure in the history of the Tughlaq dynasty.