Concept notes: The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom based in Delhi that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent for three centuries. Ilthumish, also known as Iltutmish, was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty and a significant figure in the Delhi Sultanate. After his death, his daughter Razia Sultana became the next ruler, making her the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate was a significant period in the history of the Indian subcontinent, marked by the rule of various Muslim dynasties. The Mamluk dynasty, also known as the Slave dynasty, was the first of these dynasties to rule from Delhi. Ilthumish, also known as Iltutmish, was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty and is considered one of the most important rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He is known for his administrative reforms, his patronage of architecture, and his efforts to consolidate the Sultanate's power.
After Ilthumish's death in 1236 CE, his daughter Razia Sultana became the next ruler. Razia Sultana is a notable figure in Indian history as she was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Her reign, which lasted from 1236 to 1240 CE, was marked by her efforts to reform the administration and her attempts to establish a more centralized government. Despite her efforts, she faced significant opposition from the nobility and was eventually deposed.
It is important to understand the historical context and the sequence of rulers in the Delhi Sultanate to correctly identify the successor to Ilthumish. Akbar, Babar, and Humayun, while significant figures in Indian history, were rulers of the Mughal Empire, which came into power much later, in the 16th century. They were not successors to Ilthumish, who ruled in the 13th century.
In summary, Razia Sultana was the immediate successor to Ilthumish, making her the correct answer to the question. Understanding the historical chronology and the specific contributions of each ruler is crucial for correctly identifying the sequence of rulers in the Delhi Sultanate.