Explanation: The Slave Dynasty, also known as the Mamluk Dynasty, was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate in India. It was established by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who was a slave of Turkic origin, and lasted from 1206 to 1290. The dynasty was named after its rulers, who were originally slaves of Turkic and Central Asian origin. The rulers of the Slave Dynasty were known for their military prowess and administrative reforms, which helped to consolidate the Sultanate's power in the region.
Balban, whose full name was Ghiyas-ud-din Balban, was the last important ruler of the Slave Dynasty. He ruled from 1266 to 1287 and is considered one of the most significant figures of the dynasty. Balban's reign marked the peak of the Slave Dynasty's power and stability. He was known for his strong administrative reforms, which included the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy and the enforcement of strict discipline within the army. Balban also undertook several military campaigns to expand the Sultanate's territory and suppress rebellions.
Balban's reign was characterized by his efforts to centralize the Sultanate's power and to establish a strong and efficient administration. He introduced a system of spies to monitor the activities of his officials and to ensure that they were loyal to the Sultan. He also reorganized the army and established a new class of nobility, known as the Forty, to serve as his trusted advisors and administrators.
Balban's military campaigns were also significant. He successfully suppressed rebellions in the provinces and expanded the Sultanate's territory. He also dealt with external threats, such as the Mongol invasions, and managed to keep the Sultanate safe from these threats.
After Balban's death in 1287, the Slave Dynasty began to decline. His successors were not as capable as he was, and the Sultanate faced internal and external challenges. The dynasty eventually came to an end with the rise of the Khalji Dynasty, which succeeded the Slave Dynasty in 1290.
In summary, Balban was the last important ruler of the Slave Dynasty. His reign marked the peak of the dynasty's power and stability, and he is remembered for his strong administrative reforms and military campaigns. The other options, Firoz, Sikandar, and Iltutmish, are not associated with the Slave Dynasty in the same way as Balban, making them incorrect choices for the question.