Explanation: The Vijayanagara Empire was established in 1336 CE by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I in the Deccan Plateau of South India. This empire was founded as a response to the Muslim invasions from the north, particularly from the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate was a series of Muslim dynasties that ruled from Delhi, and it played a significant role in the political landscape of medieval India.
The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 CE with the rule of Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan of Delhi. The Sultanate went through several dynasties, including the Khilji dynasty, the Tughlaq dynasty, and others. The Tughlaq dynasty, which is relevant to this question, was established by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq in 1320 CE.
Muhammad Bin Tughluq, the son and successor of Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, became the Sultan of Delhi in 1325 CE. He ruled until 1351 CE, which includes the year 1336 CE, the year the Vijayanagara Empire was established. Therefore, Muhammad Bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi at the time of the establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire.
It is important to understand the historical context of the 14th century in India. The Delhi Sultanate was expanding its influence over much of North India, and the Vijayanagara Empire was established as a counter to this expansion. The Vijayanagara Empire became a significant power in South India, known for its rich culture, architecture, and resistance against the Delhi Sultanate and later the Bahmani Sultanate.
In summary, the correct answer is Muhammad Bin Tughluq because he was the Sultan of Delhi during the establishment of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE. Understanding the timeline and the political context of the 14th century in India is crucial for comprehending the relationship between the Delhi Sultanate and the Vijayanagara Empire.