Explanations:The Surat session of the Indian National Congress in 1907 was a pivotal moment in the history of the Indian independence movement. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, was a political organization that played a crucial role in the struggle for India's independence from British rule. The Surat session was particularly significant because it marked a split within the Congress between the moderate and extremist factions.
The moderates, led by leaders such as Gopal Krishna Gokhale, advocated for a gradual and constitutional approach to achieve self-government. They believed in working within the existing political framework and sought to achieve their goals through dialogue and negotiation with the British authorities. On the other hand, the extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, were more radical in their approach. They believed in a more aggressive and direct confrontation with the British and advocated for the use of mass agitation and boycotts to achieve their goals.
The Surat split occurred due to the growing differences between these two factions. The moderates were in favor of a more conciliatory approach, while the extremists were pushing for a more militant stance. The split was further exacerbated by the differences in their views on the use of violence and the role of the British in India's future.
At the Surat session, Dr Rash Bihari Ghosh was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress. Dr Ghosh was a prominent lawyer and a moderate leader who had been involved in the Indian National Congress since its early days. His election as the President of the Congress at the Surat session was a reflection of the moderates' continued influence within the organization, despite the growing strength of the extremist faction.
The Surat split had significant implications for the Indian National Congress and the Indian independence movement. It led to a period of disunity within the Congress, with the moderates and extremists operating largely independently of each other. However, over time, the Congress was able to reunite and continue its struggle for independence, eventually leading to India's independence in 1947.
Understanding the Surat session and the leadership of Dr Rash Bihari Ghosh is important for comprehending the complex dynamics within the Indian National Congress and the broader context of the Indian independence movement. It highlights the internal debates and conflicts that shaped the strategies and approaches of the Congress in its fight against British colonial rule.