Explanation: Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was a ruler of the Ghurid dynasty who conquered parts of northern India in the late 12th century. His conquests laid the foundation for the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, which was a significant period in the history of medieval India.
Ghori's military campaigns in India were extensive and successful, but he needed a capable administrator to oversee the territories he had conquered. He appointed Qutbuddin Aibak, who was originally a slave of Ghori, to serve as his viceroy in India. Aibak was known for his administrative skills and loyalty to Ghori, making him an ideal choice for this role.
Qutbuddin Aibak's appointment as viceroy was a strategic move by Ghori to ensure the stability and effective governance of the newly conquered territories. Aibak's role was to manage the day-to-day administration, collect taxes, and maintain law and order. He was also responsible for further expanding Ghori's influence in the region.
After Ghori's death in 1206, Aibak took the opportunity to declare himself the independent ruler of the territories he was administering. He founded the Mamluk dynasty, which is also known as the Slave dynasty, and became the first sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. This marked the beginning of the Delhi Sultanate, which would rule over large parts of India for the next three centuries.
It is important to note that the other options provided in the question are not associated with Ghori's administration in India. Timur, also known as Tamerlane, was a conqueror who invaded India in the late 14th century, long after Ghori's death. Chengiz Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire, was active in Central Asia and China and did not have any direct role in Ghori's Indian conquests. Mahmud of Ghazni, who conducted raids into India in the early 11th century, was a contemporary of Ghori's predecessors and is not associated with Ghori's administration.
In summary, Qutbuddin Aibak was appointed by Ghori as the viceroy of his Indian conquests due to his administrative skills and loyalty. This appointment was a crucial step in the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and the beginning of a new era in Indian history.