Explanation: Amul, a brand synonymous with dairy products in India, was established in the state of Gujarat. The production of Amul was initiated by Varghese Kurien, a visionary entrepreneur and social reformer who played a pivotal role in the development of the dairy industry in India. Kurien is often referred to as the "Father of the White Revolution" due to his significant contributions to the sector.
The White Revolution, also known as the Operation Flood, was a nationwide milk production and distribution program launched in 1970. It was initiated by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and was centered around the Anand pattern of cooperative management, which was pioneered by Kurien. The Anand pattern involved the establishment of dairy cooperatives that allowed small farmers to pool their milk and sell it collectively, thereby increasing their bargaining power and ensuring better prices for their produce.
Varghese Kurien's approach to dairy farming was revolutionary. He introduced modern technology and management practices to the traditional dairy industry, which was predominantly rural and characterized by small-scale operations. By organizing farmers into cooperatives, Kurien was able to create a large-scale, efficient, and competitive dairy industry that could compete with international players. This not only improved the economic conditions of rural farmers but also made India the world's largest milk producer.
The success of Amul and the White Revolution is a testament to the power of cooperative management and the potential for rural development through innovative agricultural practices. Kurien's vision and leadership transformed the dairy industry in India, making it a model for other developing countries to emulate. The establishment of Amul in Gujarat under Kurien's guidance is a significant milestone in the history of Indian agriculture and rural development.
In summary, the correct answer is that Varghese Kurien started the production of Amul in Gujarat. This fact is crucial for understanding the development of the dairy industry in India and the broader implications of the White Revolution for rural development and economic empowerment.