Explanations:The Delhi Sultanate was a significant political entity in medieval India, established in the early 13th century. It was a period marked by the rule of various dynasties, including the Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. The Mamluk dynasty, also known as the Slave dynasty, was the first to rule the Delhi Sultanate, and it was during this period that Raziyyat, or Razia Sultana, came to power.
Iltutmish, a powerful ruler of the Mamluk dynasty, died in 1236. He was succeeded by his daughter, Raziyyat, who ruled from 1236 to 1239. Raziyyat's reign was notable for several reasons. She was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, and her rule was marked by efforts to consolidate power and maintain stability in the region. Despite her efforts, she faced significant opposition from the nobility and was eventually deposed in 1240.
Understanding the historical context of the Delhi Sultanate is crucial for comprehending the political landscape of medieval India. The succession of rulers and the challenges they faced provide insight into the dynamics of power and governance during this period. Raziyyat's reign, though brief, is a significant chapter in the history of the Delhi Sultanate and highlights the complex interplay of political, social, and cultural factors that shaped medieval Indian history.
It is important to note that the Delhi Sultanate was not a monolithic entity but rather a series of dynasties that ruled over varying territories and periods. Each ruler had to navigate the challenges of maintaining control over a diverse and often fractious region. The succession of rulers, including Raziyyat, reflects the political and social dynamics of the time, including the role of women in governance and the influence of various factions within the ruling elite.
In summary, the correct answer is Raziyyat, who ruled Northern India between 1236 and 1239 after the death of Iltutmish. This period is a critical part of the history of the Delhi Sultanate and provides valuable insights into the political and social dynamics of medieval India.