Explanation: The Maratha Empire, founded by Shivaji in the 17th century, was a significant power in the Indian subcontinent. Shivaji's death in 1680 marked a critical transition in the empire's leadership. The immediate successor to Shivaji was his eldest son, Sambhaji. This succession was in line with the traditional practice of primogeniture, where the eldest son inherits the throne.
Sambhaji's reign began in 1680 and lasted until his capture and execution by the Mughals in 1689. During his rule, Sambhaji continued the policies of his father, expanding the Maratha territories and resisting Mughal incursions. His reign was marked by significant military engagements, including the Siege of Panhala and the Battle of Wai.
After Sambhaji's death, his younger brother Rajaram became the ruler of the Maratha Empire. Rajaram's reign was from 1689 to 1700, during which he faced numerous challenges, including the Mughal siege of Raigad and the eventual shift of the Maratha capital to Vishalgad.
Following Rajaram's death, his wife Tarabai acted as regent for their son Shahu, who was imprisoned by the Mughals. Tarabai's regency lasted until 1707 when Shahu was released and became the ruler of the Maratha Empire. Shahu's reign marked a new phase in the Maratha Empire, characterized by the expansion of the Peshwa system and the consolidation of Maratha power.
Understanding the succession in the Maratha Empire is crucial for comprehending the political and military history of Maharashtra. The immediate succession of Sambhaji after Shivaji is a key point in this history, as it sets the stage for the subsequent rulers and the evolution of the Maratha Empire.