Explanation: Sarojini Naidu, born on February 13, 1879, in Hyderabad, was a prominent Indian independence activist and poet. She was a key figure in the Indian independence movement and played a significant role in the Indian National Congress. Her contributions to the Indian independence movement and her literary works earned her the title "Nightingale of India."
Sarojini Naidu was born into a family of intellectuals and activists. Her father, Aghornath Chattopadhyaya, was a scientist and philosopher, and her mother, Barada Sundari Devi, was a poet. Naidu was educated at the University of Madras and later at King's College, London, and Girton College, Cambridge. She was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first Indian woman to become the Governor of a state in India.
Naidu's poetry is known for its lyrical quality and patriotic fervor. Her works include "The Golden Threshold" (1905), "The Bird of Time" (1912), and "The Broken Wing" (1912). Her poetry often reflected the struggles and aspirations of the Indian people during the independence movement. She used her poetry to inspire and mobilize people, and her speeches were widely admired for their eloquence and passion.
Naidu was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and participated in several non-violent movements, including the Salt Satyagraha and the Quit India Movement. She was arrested several times for her involvement in these movements. Her contributions to the Indian independence movement and her literary works have made her a significant figure in Indian history and literature.
In summary, Sarojini Naidu is known as the "Nightingale of India" due to her significant contributions to the Indian independence movement and her literary works. Her poetry and speeches were widely admired for their lyrical quality and patriotic fervor, and she played a key role in the Indian National Congress. Her legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians and is a testament to her enduring impact on Indian history and literature.