Explanation: Balaji Vishwanath, the first Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, is often referred to as the "second founder of the Maratha State." This title is attributed to his significant contributions in the resurgence of the Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shahu, who was the grandson of Shivaji.
To understand the context, it is essential to know the history of the Maratha Empire. After the death of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire, the empire faced a period of decline and internal strife. Chhatrapati Shahu, who ascended the throne in 1707, sought to restore the Maratha Empire to its former glory. Balaji Vishwanath, appointed as the Peshwa (Prime Minister) in 1713, played a crucial role in this resurgence.
Balaji Vishwanath's contributions can be summarized as follows:
1. **Administrative Reforms**: He introduced several administrative reforms that strengthened the Maratha state. He reorganized the revenue system, improved the efficiency of the bureaucracy, and established a more centralized form of governance.
2. **Military Reforms**: Balaji Vishwanath restructured the Maratha army, enhancing its combat effectiveness. He introduced new military strategies and tactics that were instrumental in the Maratha victories against the Mughals and other regional powers.
3. **Diplomatic Efforts**: He engaged in diplomatic negotiations that helped secure alliances and reduce the influence of rival powers. His diplomatic skills were crucial in maintaining the balance of power in the region.
4. **Expansion of Territory**: Under his leadership, the Maratha Empire expanded significantly. He led several successful military campaigns that extended Maratha control over large parts of central and western India.
5. **Support for Chhatrapati Shahu**: Balaji Vishwanath provided strong support to Chhatrapati Shahu, ensuring the stability and growth of the Maratha state. His role was pivotal in establishing the Peshwa as the de facto ruler of the Maratha Empire, with the Chhatrapati as a symbolic head.
While other figures like Baji Rao I, Sambhaji, and Chhatrapati Shahu were significant in their own right, Balaji Vishwanath's contributions in the early 18th century were crucial in laying the foundation for the Maratha resurgence. His administrative and military reforms, along with his diplomatic efforts, were instrumental in rebuilding the Maratha state after a period of decline. Therefore, he is rightly referred to as the "second founder of the Maratha State."
Understanding the role of Balaji Vishwanath is essential for comprehending the resurgence of the Maratha Empire and the establishment of the Peshwa's dominance in the Maratha state. This knowledge is crucial for students of Maharashtra history and those preparing for competitive examinations related to the state's history and culture.