Explanation: The Mughal Empire, which spanned from the 16th to the 19th century, was a significant power in the Indian subcontinent. However, it faced several invasions that weakened its control and ultimately contributed to its decline. Among these invasions, those by Ahmad Shah Durrani and Nadir Shah are particularly noteworthy.
Ahmad Shah Durrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, was the founder of the Durrani Empire in Afghanistan. He invaded India multiple times, with his most significant incursions occurring in 1748, 1750, 1751, 1756, 1757, 1758, and 1761. These invasions were primarily aimed at expanding his empire and securing control over the Punjab region. Ahmad Shah's invasions were characterized by his military prowess and the establishment of Afghan dominance in parts of northern India.
Nadir Shah, the Shah of Persia, invaded the Mughal Empire in 1739. His invasion was one of the most devastating in the history of the Mughal Empire. Nadir Shah's forces captured Delhi, the capital of the Mughal Empire, and looted the city extensively. The loot included the famous Peacock Throne and the Koh-i-Noor diamond. This invasion significantly weakened the Mughal Empire, leading to a decline in its power and influence.
Firoz Shah, on the other hand, was a Mughal emperor who ruled from 1489 to 1506. He was not an invader but a ruler within the Mughal Empire. Therefore, he does not fit the context of the question, which asks about invaders of the Mughal Empire.
In conclusion, the correct answer is (D) Only (A) & (B), as both Ahmad Shah Durrani and Nadir Shah were significant invaders of the Mughal Empire, while Firoz Shah was not an invader but a Mughal emperor. Understanding the historical context and the specific roles of these figures is crucial for comprehending the decline of the Mughal Empire and the broader historical events of the period.