Explanation: Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1325 to 1351, was known for his ambitious and often controversial policies. One of his significant actions was the increase in taxes in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab region, which is a fertile plain between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in northern India. This region was crucial for the Delhi Sultanate due to its agricultural productivity and strategic importance.
The Ganga-Yamuna Doab was a prosperous area, and Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq aimed to increase state revenue by imposing higher taxes on the local population. This decision was part of his broader economic policies, which also included the introduction of token currency and the relocation of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. However, the tax increase led to widespread discontent and rebellion among the peasants and landowners in the region. The local population, already burdened by the existing tax system, found it difficult to bear the additional financial strain. This resulted in significant unrest and resistance against the Sultanate's authority.
It is important to note that while Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq's policies were intended to strengthen the Delhi Sultanate, they often had unintended negative consequences. The tax increase in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab is a prime example of how his ambitious plans sometimes backfired, leading to social and economic instability.
In contrast, other rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, such as Firoz Tughlaq and Giyasuddin Tughlaq, did not implement similar tax increases in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab. Firoz Tughlaq, who succeeded Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq, focused on reducing the burden on the peasantry and improving the economic conditions of the empire. Giyasuddin Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty, was more concerned with consolidating power and expanding the Delhi Sultanate's territory rather than increasing taxes in specific regions.
Understanding the historical context and the specific actions of rulers like Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of the Delhi Sultanate and the impact of their policies on the local population. This knowledge is essential for students preparing for competitive examinations that cover Indian history and governance.