Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate was a powerful Islamic empire that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from the early 13th century to the mid-16th century. The Tughlaq Dynasty, which was a significant part of the Delhi Sultanate, ruled from 1320 to 1414 AD. The dynasty was founded by Ghiyas ud din Tughlaq, who was succeeded by his son Muhammad bin Tughlaq. After Muhammad bin Tughlaq's death in 1351 AD, Firuz Tughlaq ascended to the throne and ruled until 1388 AD.
Firuz Tughlaq's reign is notable for several reasons. He was known for his administrative reforms, which included the establishment of a more efficient bureaucracy and the introduction of new revenue systems. He also undertook numerous public works projects, such as the construction of canals, mosques, and schools. His reign was marked by a period of relative stability and prosperity, despite the challenges posed by regional rebellions and the decline of the empire's power.
Firuz Tughlaq's religious policies were also significant. He was known for his tolerance towards non-Muslims, which was a departure from the policies of his predecessors. He allowed the construction of Hindu temples and encouraged the study of Sanskrit. This policy of religious tolerance helped to maintain social harmony within the empire.
In contrast, the other options provided in the question do not fit the specified period. Ghiyas ud din Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty, ruled from 1320 to 1325 AD, and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, his son, ruled from 1325 to 1351 AD. Rajab is not a known ruler of the Delhi Sultanate during this period.
Understanding the timeline and the contributions of each ruler is crucial for comprehending the history of the Delhi Sultanate and the Tughlaq Dynasty. This knowledge is essential for students of Indian history and those preparing for competitive examinations that cover medieval Indian history.