Explanation: The Maratha Empire, under the leadership of the Peshwas, expanded its influence across India during the 18th century. One significant event in this expansion was the acquisition of territories like Kora and Allahabad from the Mughal Emperor, Sha Alam II. This event is crucial to understanding the political dynamics of the time and the increasing power of the Marathas.
Sha Alam II, also known as Shah Alam II, was the Mughal Emperor from 1759 to 1806. He ascended the throne during a period of significant decline for the Mughal Empire, which was facing challenges from various regional powers, including the Marathas. The Marathas, under the leadership of the Peshwas, had been expanding their influence and control over various regions in India.
In 1771, the Marathas, led by Mahadji Shinde, helped Sha Alam II regain the Mughal throne in Delhi after he had been deposed by the Afghan ruler, Ahmad Shah Durrani. As a result of this support, Sha Alam II ceded several territories to the Marathas, including Kora and Allahabad. This was a strategic move by the Marathas to consolidate their power and influence over the Mughal Empire.
Kora and Allahabad were significant territories. Kora was a region in the eastern part of the Mughal Empire, while Allahabad was a strategically important city located on the banks of the Ganges River. The acquisition of these territories by the Marathas marked a significant shift in the balance of power in northern India, with the Marathas becoming the dominant force in the region.
It is important to note that the relationship between the Mughal Empire and the Marathas was complex and often characterized by a mix of cooperation and conflict. The Marathas, while expanding their influence, also sought to maintain a degree of control over the Mughal Emperor, using him as a figurehead to legitimize their own power.
In summary, the correct answer is Sha Alam II, as he was the Mughal Emperor who gave Kora and Allahabad to the Marathas. This event is a key part of the history of the Maratha Empire and the decline of the Mughal Empire, reflecting the changing power dynamics in 18th-century India.