Explanation: Murshid Kuli Khan, also known as Murshid Quli Khan, was a significant figure in the history of Bengal during the early 18th century. He was originally a revenue officer in the Mughal Empire and rose through the ranks to become the Nawab of Bengal in 1717. Under his rule, Bengal became an independent state, free from direct Mughal control, marking a significant shift in the political landscape of the region.
Murshid Kuli Khan was appointed as the Nawab of Bengal by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1717. He was a capable administrator and military leader who managed to consolidate his power and establish a strong administrative system in Bengal. He shifted the capital from Dacca to Murshidabad, which he named after himself, and established a new administrative center that became the seat of power for the Nawabs of Bengal.
The establishment of the independent state of Bengal under Murshid Kuli Khan's rule was a significant event in the history of the region. It marked the beginning of a period of relative stability and prosperity in Bengal, which was later followed by the rule of other notable Nawabs such as Alivardi Khan and Siraj ud-Daulah. The independent state of Bengal under Murshid Kuli Khan's rule laid the foundation for the subsequent political and economic developments in the region.
It is important to note that the other options provided in the question are not associated with the founding of the independent state of Bengal. Banda Bahadur was a Sikh military leader who fought against the Mughal Empire, Nadir Shah was the Shah of Persia known for his invasion of the Mughal Empire, and Ahmad Shah Abdali was the founder of the Durrani Empire and a conqueror of the Mughal Empire. These figures played significant roles in the broader context of the Mughal Empire but were not involved in the establishment of the independent state of Bengal.
In conclusion, Murshid Kuli Khan is the correct answer as he was the Nawab who established the independent state of Bengal, marking a pivotal moment in the region's history. Understanding the context and significance of his rule is crucial for comprehending the political and administrative developments in Bengal during the early 18th century.