Concept notes: The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim sultanate based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for three centuries, from 1206 to 1526. The Mamluk Dynasty, also known as the Slave Dynasty, was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Iltutmish, a Mamluk (slave) of Turkish origin, ascended the throne in 1211 AD, succeeding Qutb ud din Aibak.
Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate was a significant period in the history of the Indian subcontinent, marking the establishment of Muslim rule in the region. The Mamluk Dynasty, also known as the Slave Dynasty, was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, founded by Qutb ud din Aibak in 1206 AD. Qutb ud din Aibak was a Mamluk (slave) of Turkish origin who had risen to power under the Ghurid Empire and later established his own sultanate in Delhi.
Qutb ud din Aibak ruled for a short period, from 1206 to 1210 AD. He died in 1210 AD, and his successor was Iltutmish, another Mamluk of Turkish origin. Iltutmish ascended the throne in 1211 AD, marking the beginning of his reign, which lasted until 1236 AD. Iltutmish is considered one of the most important rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, known for his administrative reforms and military campaigns.
Iltutmish's reign was significant for several reasons. He consolidated the power of the Delhi Sultanate, expanded its territories, and established a strong administrative system. He also introduced the silver tanka, a coin that became the standard currency of the Delhi Sultanate. Iltutmish's reign laid the foundation for the stability and growth of the Delhi Sultanate, which continued under his successors.
After Iltutmish, his daughter Raziya became the ruler in 1236 AD, making her the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. However, her reign was short-lived, and she was succeeded by other Mamluk rulers, including Balban, who became the Sultan of Delhi in 1266 AD.
Understanding the succession of rulers in the Delhi Sultanate is crucial for comprehending the political and administrative developments of the period. The correct answer to the question is Iltutmish, who ascended the throne in 1211 AD, succeeding Qutb ud din Aibak.