Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate was a period in Indian history marked by the rule of several Muslim dynasties, primarily of Turkish origin, who established their rule over parts of the Indian subcontinent. The Turkish rulers played a significant role in shaping the political and cultural landscape of medieval India. Among these rulers, Khizr Khan, Balban, and Iltutmish are notable figures, each belonging to different dynasties within the Delhi Sultanate.
Khizr Khan, the correct answer, was a Turkish ruler and a member of the Tughlaq Dynasty. He ruled as the Sultan of Delhi from 1414 to 1421. His reign marked the beginning of the Sayyid Dynasty, which was a continuation of the Tughlaq lineage. Khizr Khan's rule was significant as it bridged the gap between the Tughlaq and Sayyid Dynasties, both of which were prominent in the Delhi Sultanate.
Balban, another Turkish ruler, was a member of the Mamluk Dynasty and ruled from 1266 to 1287. He was known for his strong administrative reforms and military campaigns, which helped to consolidate the power of the Delhi Sultanate. Balban's reign was marked by the expansion of the Sultanate's territory and the establishment of a centralized administration.
Iltutmish, also a Turkish ruler, was the third sultan of the Mamluk Dynasty and ruled from 1211 to 1236. He is known for his contributions to the Delhi Sultanate, including the construction of the Qutb Minar and the establishment of a strong administrative system. Iltutmish's reign was significant in laying the foundation for the Delhi Sultanate's power and influence.
Raziyya, while a notable ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, was not Turkish. She was the daughter of Iltutmish and ruled from 1236 to 1240. Her reign was significant for being one of the few female rulers in the history of the Delhi Sultanate, but she does not fit the criteria of being a Turkish ruler.
Understanding the lineage and rule of these Turkish rulers is crucial for comprehending the political and cultural history of medieval India. Each of these rulers contributed to the development and consolidation of the Delhi Sultanate, shaping the course of Indian history.