Explanation: In the context of Indian state formation, it is important to understand the various factors that have influenced the creation of different states. While many states in India were formed based on linguistic lines, some were created for other reasons such as administrative convenience, economic development, or ethnic considerations.
Jharkhand, for instance, was carved out of Bihar in 2000. The primary reasons for its formation were to address the socio-economic and political needs of the region. Jharkhand is home to a diverse population with various ethnic groups and languages, including Santhali, Mundari, and Ho, among others. The state's creation was not primarily based on a single language but rather on the need to provide better governance and development opportunities to the region.
Nagaland, formed in 1963, is another example of a state that was not created on the basis of language. The state was established to address the ethnic and political aspirations of the Naga people. While the Naga languages are significant in the region, the formation of Nagaland was more about recognizing the unique cultural and political identity of the Naga people rather than linguistic unity.
Goa, on the other hand, was formed in 1987, primarily to unite the Konkani-speaking population. The language issue was a significant factor in its formation, making it a language-based state. The demand for a separate state for Konkani speakers was a key driver in the creation of Goa.
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) Only (A) & (B), as Jharkhand and Nagaland are not language-based states, while Goa is a language-based state. Understanding the reasons behind the formation of different states in India is crucial for comprehending the country's administrative and political landscape.