Explanations:The creation of states in India has been influenced by various factors, including language, administrative convenience, and political considerations. The concept of linguistic states was a significant factor in the reorganization of states in the 1950s and 1960s, leading to the formation of states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. However, not all states were created based on language.
Jharkhand, for instance, was carved out of Bihar in 2000. The primary reasons for its creation were administrative and socio-economic. The state was formed to address the needs of the tribal population and to promote regional development. The tribal communities in Jharkhand have distinct cultural and linguistic identities, but the state was not created to consolidate a single language group.
Nagaland, on the other hand, was formed in 1963. The creation of Nagaland was primarily driven by political and administrative reasons. The state was established to address the demands of the Naga people for a separate state and to resolve the Naga insurgency. The Naga people have a distinct cultural identity, but the state was not created to consolidate a specific language group.
Goa, while not created on the basis of language, was formed based on historical and political reasons. It was a Portuguese colony until 1961 and was integrated into India after the Goa Liberation. The primary language spoken in Goa is Konkani, but the state's formation was not based on linguistic considerations.
Therefore, the correct answer is that only Jharkhand and Nagaland were not created on the basis of language. This understanding is crucial for comprehending the diverse reasons behind the formation of states in India, which include linguistic, administrative, and political factors.