Explanations:Population density is a critical demographic measure that helps in understanding the distribution of people across a given area. It is calculated by dividing the total population of a region by its total area. The unit of measurement is typically people per square kilometer. This measure is important for various reasons, including urban planning, resource allocation, and understanding the impact of population on the environment.
Among the states mentioned in the question, Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest population density. Arunachal Pradesh is a state located in the northeastern part of India, bordering Bhutan, China, and Myanmar. It is the largest among the northeastern states and has a total area of approximately 83,743 square kilometers. Despite its large area, the population of Arunachal Pradesh is relatively small, with a total population of around 1.4 million people as of the 2011 census. This results in a population density of about 17 people per square kilometer, which is the lowest among the given options.
On the other hand, Bihar, which is one of the most populous states in India, has a much higher population density. With a total population of over 100 million people and an area of about 94,163 square kilometers, the population density of Bihar is approximately 1,062 people per square kilometer. This makes it one of the most densely populated states in India.
Punjab, another state in the list, has a population density of around 549 people per square kilometer. This is due to its relatively smaller area of about 50,362 square kilometers and a population of around 27.7 million people. While Punjab is more densely populated than Arunachal Pradesh, it is still less densely populated than Bihar.
Goa, a small state on the western coast of India, has a population density of around 1,000 people per square kilometer. Despite its small size, Goa has a relatively high population density due to its limited area of about 3,702 square kilometers and a population of around 1.5 million people. This makes it more densely populated than Arunachal Pradesh.
In summary, the population density of a state is determined by the ratio of its total population to its total area. Arunachal Pradesh, with its large area and relatively small population, has the lowest population density among the given options, making it the correct answer to the question.