Explanations:The Indira Gandhi Canal, also known as the Rajasthan Canal, is a significant irrigation project in India. It is the world's longest irrigation canal, stretching over 650 kilometers. The canal was named after the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, and was constructed to provide water to the arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly the Thar Desert.
The canal originates from the Beas River in Punjab, which is part of the Indus River system. The water is diverted from the Beas River at the Harike Barrage, located near the border of Punjab and Haryana. From there, the canal runs through the states of Punjab and Haryana before entering Rajasthan. The primary purpose of the canal is to provide irrigation to the desert regions of Rajasthan, which are characterized by low rainfall and high evaporation rates.
The canal system is divided into three branches: the Eastern Branch, the Western Branch, and the Naliya Branch. The Eastern Branch is the main branch and extends into the districts of Bikaner, Churu, and Jhunjhunu. The Western Branch serves the districts of Jodhpur and Barmer, while the Naliya Branch serves the districts of Jalore and Pali. The canal has significantly improved agricultural productivity in these regions, allowing farmers to cultivate crops such as wheat, cotton, and vegetables.
It is important to note that while the canal originates in Punjab, it does not provide water to Punjab itself. The primary beneficiaries of the canal are the arid regions of Rajasthan. The canal has played a crucial role in transforming the desert landscape into a fertile agricultural region, contributing to the economic development of the state.
Understanding the geographical distribution of major canals in India is essential for competitive examinations, particularly those related to geography and general knowledge. The Indira Gandhi Canal is a prime example of how large-scale irrigation projects can transform arid regions and improve agricultural productivity.