Explanations:The Tughlaq Dynasty, which ruled parts of the Indian subcontinent during the 14th century, is known for several significant rulers and their policies. Among these rulers, Firoz Shah Tughlaq and Ghiasuddin Tughlaq are particularly noted for their economic reforms, which included reducing land taxes.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who ruled from 1351 to 1388, implemented several measures to improve the economic conditions of his subjects. One of these measures was the reduction of land taxes. This was aimed at alleviating the financial burden on peasants and encouraging agricultural productivity. By reducing the land tax, Firoz Shah Tughlaq sought to increase the prosperity of the peasantry and, in turn, the overall economic health of his empire.
Ghiasuddin Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty, ruled from 1320 to 1325. He also introduced economic reforms that included reducing land taxes. His policies were designed to improve the welfare of the peasantry and to ensure a stable and prosperous agricultural sector. By lowering the land tax, Ghiasuddin Tughlaq aimed to foster a more productive and contented peasantry, which would contribute to the stability and growth of his empire.
It is important to note that Alauddin Khalji, mentioned in Option C, was not a Tughlaq ruler. He belonged to the Khalji dynasty, which preceded the Tughlaq Dynasty. Alauddin Khalji is known for his military conquests and his strict economic policies, but he did not reduce land taxes. Therefore, he is not relevant to the question of which Tughlaq rulers reduced land taxes.
The correct answer, Option D, correctly identifies Firoz Shah Tughlaq and Ghiasuddin Tughlaq as the rulers who implemented policies to reduce land taxes. This answer reflects the historical context and the specific economic reforms of these two Tughlaq rulers.