Explanation: To understand the context of the question, it is essential to delve into the history of medieval India, particularly the period when the Delhi Sultanate was established. The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim sultanate based in Delhi that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent for three centuries, from the early 13th to the mid-16th century.
Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was a Turkic ruler who sought to expand his empire into India. He launched several invasions into the Indian subcontinent, with the most significant being his campaigns against the Rajput rulers. The Rajputs were a group of warrior clans who ruled various kingdoms in northern India during this period.
One of the most notable Rajput rulers was Prithvi Raj Chauhan, who ruled the Chauhan dynasty in the late 12th century. His capital was at Ajmer, and he controlled a large part of northern India. Muhammad Ghori invaded India with the intention of conquering these regions and establishing Muslim rule.
The most significant battle between Muhammad Ghori and Prithvi Raj Chauhan was the Battle of Tarain, which took place in 1192. In this battle, Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithvi Raj Chauhan, leading to the fall of the Chauhan dynasty and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate. This event marked a turning point in Indian history, as it initiated the Muslim rule in India.
It is important to note that the other options provided in the question are incorrect. Vanraj Chavda and Mulraj Chavda were rulers of the Chavda dynasty in Gujarat, and they lived in earlier centuries. They were not involved in the conflicts with Muhammad Ghori, who invaded India in the late 12th century.
In conclusion, the correct answer is Prithvi Raj Chauhan, as he was the Rajput ruler who was overthrown by Muhammad Ghori. This event is a crucial part of Indian history and marks the beginning of the Delhi Sultanate's rule in India.