Explanation: Meghalaya, a state in northeastern India, is known for its rich mineral resources, particularly coal. Coal is a sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon and is formed from the remains of ancient plants. It is a crucial fossil fuel used for generating electricity and in various industrial processes.
The coal deposits in Meghalaya are mainly found in the Jaintia Hills and the Garo Hills. These deposits are of significant economic importance to the state, as coal mining is a major economic activity in these regions. The coal found in Meghalaya is of the lignite variety, which is a low-grade coal with a high moisture content. Despite its lower quality, it is still widely used in the state for various industrial purposes and power generation.
It is important to note that while coal is the primary mineral resource of Meghalaya, the state does not have significant deposits of other minerals like calcium, iron, or silver. Calcium is more commonly associated with limestone deposits, which are not a major resource in Meghalaya. Iron deposits are more commonly found in other parts of India, such as Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Precious metals like silver are not commonly found in the state.
Understanding the mineral wealth of Meghalaya is crucial for comprehending the economic activities and industrial development of the state. The coal deposits play a significant role in the state's economy, providing employment opportunities and contributing to the overall economic growth of the region. However, it is also important to consider the environmental impact of coal mining and the need for sustainable practices to ensure the long-term viability of these resources.
In summary, the correct answer is coal, as it is the primary mineral resource found in large quantities in Meghalaya. This knowledge is essential for students studying the geography and natural resources of the northeastern states of India.