Explanation: Wildlife sanctuaries play a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity and the protection of endangered species. In Maharashtra, several wildlife sanctuaries have been established over the years to safeguard the state's rich natural heritage. Each sanctuary has its own unique characteristics and conservation goals.
Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1956, is one of the older sanctuaries in Maharashtra. It is located in the Satara district and is known for its diverse flora and fauna, including the Indian bison (gaur) and various species of birds. The sanctuary covers an area of approximately 250 square kilometers and is a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and researchers.
Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1985, is located in the Matheran range of the Western Ghats. It is known for its dense forests and rich biodiversity, including the endangered lion-tailed macaque and the Malabar giant squirrel. The sanctuary covers an area of about 150 square kilometers and is a significant site for wildlife conservation efforts.
Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1992, is located in the Raigad district of Maharashtra. It is known for its unique ecosystem, which includes the Western Ghats' evergreen forests and the presence of the endangered Malabar pied hornbill. The sanctuary covers an area of approximately 100 square kilometers and is a vital habitat for several species of birds and mammals.
Ghodazhari Wildlife Sanctuary, the correct answer, was notified in 2018 and is located in the Satara district of Maharashtra. It is a relatively new addition to the state's protected areas and is aimed at conserving the local flora and fauna. The sanctuary covers an area of about 100 square kilometers and is home to various species of plants and animals, including the Indian giant squirrel and the Indian pangolin.
Understanding the establishment and notification years of these sanctuaries is important for students preparing for competitive examinations related to Maharashtra's geography and environmental conservation. Each sanctuary has its own unique features and conservation goals, and knowing these details can help in answering questions related to wildlife conservation in Maharashtra.