Explanations:The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a significant national campaign in India aimed at achieving universal sanitation coverage and cleanliness. It was launched on October 2, 2014, by the Government of India, with the goal of making India free from open defecation and improving solid waste management. The SBM is a successor to the Nirmal Bharat Mission (NBM), which was previously known as the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).
The Nirmal Bharat Mission was a program that focused on improving sanitation in rural areas. It aimed to provide access to toilets and promote hygiene practices among the rural population. The NBM was launched in 2012 as a rebranding of the Total Sanitation Campaign, which had been in place since 1999. The TSC was the first national program in India to address the issue of sanitation and aimed to provide access to toilets and promote hygiene practices in rural areas.
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched as a rebranding and expansion of the Nirmal Bharat Mission. The SBM aimed to build on the successes of the NBM and address the remaining challenges in achieving universal sanitation coverage. The SBM has two sub-missions: Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) for rural areas and Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) for urban areas. The mission has set ambitious targets, including the construction of toilets, the elimination of open defecation, and the improvement of solid waste management.
Understanding the historical progression of sanitation programs in India is crucial for comprehending the context of the Swachh Bharat Mission. The Total Sanitation Campaign laid the foundation for addressing sanitation issues in rural areas, which was then continued and expanded under the Nirmal Bharat Mission. The Swachh Bharat Mission represents the latest phase in this ongoing effort to improve sanitation and hygiene in India.
It is important to note that while the Total Sanitation Campaign and the Nirmal Bharat Mission were both significant programs, the Swachh Bharat Mission represents a rebranding and expansion of the Nirmal Bharat Mission. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Nirmal Bharat Mission was re-launched as the Swachh Bharat Mission.