Explanations:A planned city is one that is designed and constructed with a specific urban plan, often with the aim of addressing issues such as traffic congestion, housing, and public spaces. The concept of a planned city involves a deliberate and systematic approach to urban development, where the layout, infrastructure, and amenities are carefully planned to create a functional and aesthetically pleasing environment.
Chandigarh is a prime example of a planned city in India. It was designed by the French architect Le Corbusier and a team of other architects, including Pierre Jeanneret, Matthew Nowicki, and Albert Mayer. The city was built from scratch in the 1950s to serve as the capital of the newly formed states of Punjab and Haryana after the partition of India. The design of Chandigarh was based on the principles of modernist architecture and urban planning, which emphasized functionality, simplicity, and the separation of different urban functions.
The urban plan of Chandigarh includes a grid-like layout with wide roads, green spaces, and distinct zones for residential, commercial, and administrative purposes. The city is divided into sectors, each with its own amenities and services, such as schools, parks, and shopping centers. This planned approach to urban development has made Chandigarh a model for other cities in India and around the world.
In contrast, other major Indian cities like Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai have evolved over time without a comprehensive initial plan. Delhi, for example, has a complex urban structure that has developed organically over centuries, with various phases of development and expansion. Kolkata has grown organically and reflects its colonial past, while Chennai has a mix of old and new areas that have developed over time.
Understanding the concept of a planned city is important for students preparing for competitive exams, as it helps them appreciate the differences in urban development strategies and the impact of planning on the quality of life in a city. Chandigarh stands out as a planned city due to its deliberate design and the implementation of a comprehensive urban plan, making it the best-suited example among the given options.