Explanation: A planned city is a city that has been designed and constructed according to a preconceived plan, often with the aim of creating an efficient, aesthetically pleasing, and functional urban environment. The concept of a planned city emerged in the early 20th century as a response to the rapid urbanization and industrialization that was taking place in many parts of the world. Planned cities were seen as a way to address the problems of overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate infrastructure that were common in many rapidly growing cities.
Chandigarh is a prime example of a planned city. It was designed by the renowned architect Le Corbusier and his team in the 1950s, following the partition of India and the loss of Lahore to Pakistan. The city was intended to serve as the new capital of Punjab and as a symbol of modern India. Le Corbusier and his team designed the city according to modernist principles, with a focus on functionalism, simplicity, and the use of modern materials and technologies.
The layout of Chandigarh is based on a grid system, with the city divided into sectors, each of which is designed to be self-contained and to include all the necessary amenities and services. The city is also known for its distinctive architecture, which includes many iconic buildings designed by Le Corbusier, such as the Capitol Complex, the High Court, and the Secretariat. The city's infrastructure, including its roads, parks, and public spaces, was also carefully planned to create a functional and livable urban environment.
In contrast, the other cities listed in the options are not planned cities in the same sense as Chandigarh. Delhi, while it has undergone significant urban planning efforts, is an ancient city that has evolved over centuries. The modern parts of Delhi, such as New Delhi, were planned, but the city as a whole is not a planned city. Kolkata and Chennai are also not planned cities. They have long histories and have grown organically over time, with their layouts and architectures reflecting their historical development rather than a preconceived urban plan.
In conclusion, Chandigarh stands out as the best example of a planned city due to its meticulous design and construction according to modernist principles, making it a unique and significant example of urban planning in India and the world.