Explanation: Cyclones are a significant natural disaster that can cause extensive damage to coastal regions, particularly in the Bay of Bengal. In recent years, Odisha has been particularly vulnerable to these weather systems due to its geographical location. The most recent and impactful cyclone to affect both Odisha and Kolkata is Cyclone Amphan, which made landfall in May 2020.
Cyclone Amphan was one of the most powerful cyclones to hit the region in recent history. It formed in the Bay of Bengal and intensified rapidly, reaching Category 5 status on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The cyclone caused widespread destruction in both Odisha and West Bengal, with Kolkata experiencing significant flooding and power outages. The impact of Amphan was felt across a wide area, affecting millions of people and causing billions of dollars in damage.
It is important to understand the recent cyclone activity in the region to appreciate the frequency and intensity of these natural disasters. Cyclone Vayu, which occurred in 2019, primarily affected the western coast of India, particularly Gujarat, and did not impact Odisha or Kolkata. Cyclone Fani, which also occurred in 2019, caused extensive damage in Odisha but did not significantly impact Kolkata. Cyclone Gaja, which occurred in 2018, primarily affected Tamil Nadu and did not impact Odisha or Kolkata.
In summary, Cyclone Amphan is the most recent and significant cyclone to have affected both Odisha and Kolkata, making it the correct answer to the question. Understanding the impact of these cyclones is crucial for disaster preparedness and response in the region.