Explanation: The formation of Telengana as the 29th state of India is a significant event in the political and administrative history of the country. To understand this, it is essential to delve into the context of state formation in India and the specific circumstances that led to the creation of Telengana.
India, as a federal republic, is divided into states and union territories. The process of state formation in India has been ongoing since the country's independence in 1947. Initially, the states were formed based on linguistic lines, as per the recommendations of the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) in 1956. However, over the years, several states have been formed based on various socio-political and economic factors.
Telengana, which became the 29th state of India on 2 June 2014, was carved out of the northern part of Andhra Pradesh. The demand for a separate Telengana state had been a long-standing issue, rooted in the historical, cultural, and economic disparities between the Telengana region and the rest of Andhra Pradesh. The movement for Telengana statehood gained momentum in the early 2000s, with the formation of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) and the Telangana movement.
The process of forming Telengana as a separate state involved several stages:
1. **Legislative Process**: The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, was passed by the Indian Parliament, which led to the formation of Telengana.
2. **Political Negotiations**: Extensive negotiations took place between the central government, the state government of Andhra Pradesh, and various political parties to address the concerns of both Telengana and the remaining part of Andhra Pradesh.
3. **Public Support**: The demand for Telengana statehood was supported by a significant portion of the population in the region, who felt that a separate state would address their socio-economic needs better.
The formation of Telengana as a separate state was a complex process that involved political, social, and economic considerations. It reflects the ongoing dynamics of state reorganization in India, where the demands for separate states are often based on linguistic, cultural, and economic factors.
In contrast, the other options provided in the question are incorrect:
- **Tripura** became a state in 1972 when it was separated from Assam.
- **Mizoram** became a state on 20 February 1987, after being a union territory.
- **Jharkhand** became the 28th state of India on 15 November 2000, carved out of the southern part of Bihar.
Understanding the formation of Telengana and the other northeastern states is crucial for comprehending the political and administrative landscape of India. It highlights the importance of addressing regional aspirations and the complexities involved in state reorganization.