Explanation: The Preamble to the Constitution of India is a foundational statement that outlines the guiding principles and objectives of the Constitution. It was originally drafted in 1949 and adopted on January 26, 1950. The original Preamble included the words "Sovereign, Democratic, Republic, Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity."
In 1976, during the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution, three additional words were inserted into the Preamble: "Secular," "Socialist," and "Integrity." This amendment was significant as it reflected the changing political and social landscape of India. The addition of "Secular" emphasized the state's commitment to treating all religions equally and ensuring that the state would not favor any particular religion. "Socialist" indicated the state's commitment to a socialist economic model, promoting social and economic equality. "Integrity" highlighted the importance of national unity and the indivisibility of the nation.
The 42nd Amendment was enacted during the Emergency period under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's leadership. It was a comprehensive set of amendments that included several other changes to the Constitution, such as the extension of the President's power to impose a state of emergency and the curtailment of fundamental rights.
Understanding the historical context and the significance of these additions is crucial for comprehending the evolution of the Indian state and its constitutional principles. The Preamble, as amended, now reads: "We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens: Justice, social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; Equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation."
This comprehensive explanation covers the core concept of the Preamble, the historical context of the 42nd Amendment, and the significance of the words added to the Preamble. It is essential for students to understand the evolution of the Constitution and the principles it embodies.