Explanations:The Tughlaq dynasty was a significant ruling dynasty in the Delhi Sultanate, which lasted from the early 14th to the mid-15th century. The dynasty was founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, who established the Tughlaqabad fort in Delhi. The Tughlaq dynasty was known for its administrative reforms and the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate's territory.
During the reign of the Tughlaq dynasty, one of the most significant events was the invasion of Timur, also known as Tamerlane, in 1398. Timur was a Central Asian conqueror who established the Timurid Empire. He was known for his military prowess and his campaigns across Central Asia, the Middle East, and parts of India.
Timur's invasion of India was a major event in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. He led a large army into India and attacked Delhi, which was under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty at the time. The invasion was devastating for the Tughlaq dynasty, as Timur's forces sacked Delhi and looted its wealth. This event significantly weakened the Tughlaq dynasty and contributed to its eventual decline.
It is important to note that the Tughlaq dynasty faced several challenges during its reign, including internal conflicts, economic difficulties, and external invasions. The invasion by Timur was one of the most significant external threats that the dynasty faced. Understanding the historical context of the Tughlaq dynasty and the impact of Timur's invasion is crucial for comprehending the political and social changes that occurred in the Delhi Sultanate during this period.
Other Mongol leaders, such as Genghis Khan, were active in earlier centuries and did not directly impact the Tughlaq dynasty. Similarly, figures like Al-Biruni, a Persian scholar, and Vijayalaya, a Chola dynasty ruler, were not involved in the Mongol invasions or the Tughlaq dynasty. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is Timur, who invaded Delhi during the Tughlaq dynasty's reign.