Explanation: The question tests the geographical knowledge of dams and rivers in India, specifically focusing on their locations. Each option pairs a dam or river with a state, and the task is to identify the incorrect pairing.
1. **Hirakud Dam-Orissa**: The Hirakud Dam is indeed located in the state of Odisha (formerly Orissa). It is one of the longest dams in India and is built across the Mahanadi River. The dam serves multiple purposes including irrigation, flood control, and power generation. This option is correct.
2. **Mahanadi-Chattisgarh**: The Mahanadi River originates in the state of Chhattisgarh and flows through Odisha before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The river is an important source of water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. This option is correct.
3. **Mettur-Tamil Nadu**: The Mettur Dam, also known as the Stanley Reservoir, is located in Tamil Nadu. It is built across the Kaveri River and is a significant source of hydroelectric power and irrigation for the region. This option is correct.
4. **Almatt-Kerala**: The Almatti Dam is located in the state of Karnataka, not Kerala. It is built across the Tungabhadra River, a tributary of the Krishna River. The dam is a crucial part of the Tungabhadra Project and serves purposes such as irrigation, power generation, and water supply. This option is incorrect.
Understanding the geographical distribution of dams and rivers is crucial for students preparing for competitive exams, especially those related to the geography of Karnataka. The Almatti Dam is a significant structure in Karnataka, and its location is often tested in various competitive examinations. The correct answer is D) Almatt-Kerala, as the Almatti Dam is located in Karnataka, not Kerala.