Concept notes: Dams are structures built across rivers to control and store water. In Kerala, several dams serve purposes like hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, and flood control. The Idukki dam is the highest in Kerala, standing at 167.68 meters (550 feet) and is a key component of the Idukki Arch Dam project.
Explanation: In Kerala, dams play a crucial role in water management, power generation, and irrigation. The Idukki dam, located in the Idukki district, is the highest dam in the state. It stands at an impressive height of 167.68 meters (550 feet) and is part of the Idukki Arch Dam project, which is one of the largest hydroelectric power stations in India. The dam is situated between two hills, Kuravanmala and Kurathimala, and forms a reservoir that is used for generating electricity.
The Idukki dam is not only the highest but also one of the most significant in terms of its contribution to Kerala's power generation. It was completed in 1975 and has a capacity of 780 MW. The dam's design is an arch dam, which is a curved structure that transfers the water pressure into the abutment mountains. This design is particularly effective in areas with steep slopes and strong rock formations, which are characteristic of the Idukki region.
Other notable dams in Kerala include the Mullaperiyar dam, which is older and more controversial due to its location and the disputes surrounding it. The Malampuzha dam, located in Palakkad, is a major irrigation dam and is known for its reservoir and the Malampuzha Gardens, a popular tourist destination. The Pechi dam, located in Thrissur, is a smaller dam and is less known compared to the others.
Understanding the heights and roles of these dams is important for comprehending the geography and infrastructure of Kerala. The Idukki dam's height and its role in power generation make it a significant landmark in the state, and it is often a point of interest for those studying the geography and engineering of Kerala.