Explanations:The Chera Dynasty is the earliest known ruling dynasty in Kerala, with historical records and inscriptions dating back to the 3rd century BCE. The Chera Dynasty played a significant role in the history and culture of Kerala, and their rule is well-documented through various sources, including inscriptions, literary works, and archaeological findings.
The Chera Dynasty was known for its maritime trade, which was a crucial aspect of its economy. The Cheras controlled the trade routes along the Malabar Coast, which facilitated the exchange of goods such as spices, textiles, and precious stones. This trade network connected Kerala to various parts of the world, including the Middle East, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
The Chera rulers were also patrons of the arts and literature. They supported the development of Tamil literature, and many of the ancient Tamil literary works, such as the Sangam literature, were composed during the Chera period. The Chera kings were known for their patronage of poets and scholars, which contributed to the rich cultural heritage of Kerala.
Historical records and inscriptions provide evidence of the Chera Dynasty's rule in Kerala. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a 1st-century Greek text, mentions the Chera rulers and their trade activities. Additionally, the Sangam literature, which dates back to the 3rd century BCE, provides detailed accounts of the Chera kings and their reigns.
It is important to note that while the Cholas and Pandyas were also significant South Indian dynasties, they did not rule Kerala first. The Cholas and Pandyas were contemporaries of the Cheras and had their own distinct territories and spheres of influence. The Cholas were primarily based in the eastern part of South India, while the Pandyas ruled the southern part. The Cheras, on the other hand, were centered in the western part of South India, which includes modern-day Kerala.
Therefore, the Chera Dynasty is the correct answer as the first known ruling dynasty in Kerala, based on historical evidence and records. Understanding the historical context and the contributions of the Chera Dynasty is essential for comprehending the early history and cultural development of Kerala.