Explanations:Population density is a critical demographic measure that helps understand how densely populated a region is. It is calculated by dividing the total population of a region by its total area. The unit of measurement is typically people per square kilometer. This measure is important for various reasons, including urban planning, resource allocation, and understanding the impact of population on the environment.
Among the northeastern states of India, Arunachal Pradesh stands out for having the lowest population density. This is primarily due to its vast geographical area and relatively small population. Arunachal Pradesh is the largest state in the northeastern region, covering an area of approximately 83,743 square kilometers. Despite this large area, the state has a relatively small population, which results in a low population density.
It is important to note that while Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest population density, it does not necessarily mean that it has the smallest population. The total population of a state is a different measure and can be influenced by various factors such as birth rates, immigration, and economic opportunities. In contrast, population density is a measure of how the population is distributed across the area of the state.
Understanding population density is crucial for policymakers and planners. It helps in determining the need for infrastructure, healthcare facilities, and other public services. For example, a state with a low population density may require different types of infrastructure compared to a state with a high population density. Additionally, population density can provide insights into the environmental impact of human activities and the need for conservation efforts.
In the context of the given options, Mizoram, Meghalaya, and Tripura all have higher population densities than Arunachal Pradesh. Mizoram, despite being a smaller state, has a higher population density due to its relatively larger population. Meghalaya and Tripura also have higher population densities due to their smaller areas and larger populations compared to Arunachal Pradesh.
Therefore, the correct answer is Arunachal Pradesh, as it has the lowest population density among the given options. This is a result of its vast geographical area and relatively small population, which leads to a low number of people per square kilometer.