Explanations:The Indian Constitution, one of the most comprehensive and detailed constitutions in the world, has undergone several amendments since its adoption in 1950. One of the significant amendments was the inclusion of Fundamental Duties under Article 51A. These duties were added to the Constitution in 1976 through the 42nd Amendment Act, which was based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee.
The Swaran Singh Committee was established in 1976 under the chairmanship of Swaran Singh, a prominent Indian politician and diplomat. The committee was tasked with examining the need for incorporating a set of Fundamental Duties in the Constitution. The committee's recommendations were aimed at fostering a sense of responsibility and commitment among citizens towards the nation and its values.
The Fundamental Duties, as outlined in Article 51A, consist of ten duties that are moral obligations of citizens towards the nation. These duties include abiding by the Constitution and respecting its ideals, safeguarding public property, promoting harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood, and protecting the environment, among others. The inclusion of these duties was intended to complement the Fundamental Rights and to encourage citizens to contribute positively to the nation's development and well-being.
It is important to distinguish the Swaran Singh Committee from other committees that have been established for different purposes. For example, the Mandal Commission, established in 1979, was tasked with identifying socially and educationally backward classes and recommending measures for their upliftment. The Narasimha Rao Committee, on the other hand, was established for other purposes and is not related to the creation of Fundamental Duties.
Understanding the historical context and the specific roles of these committees is crucial for correctly identifying the committee responsible for the creation of Fundamental Duties under Article 51A. The Swaran Singh Committee played a pivotal role in this constitutional amendment, and its recommendations were instrumental in shaping the moral obligations of Indian citizens.